HVAC air and hydronic testing, adjusting, and balancing (TAB) are critical processes involved in ensuring that heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems function efficiently and effectively. This practice is essential for optimizing the performance of HVAC systems in commercial, industrial, and residential buildings.

Testing involves measuring the performance of HVAC components using specialized tools and equipment. For air systems, this might include measuring airflow, temperature, and humidity levels in various parts of the system. For hydronic systems, which use water or another fluid for heating and cooling, testing involves checking fluid flow rates, temperatures, and pressures.

Adjusting refers to fine-tuning the settings and controls of the HVAC system. This step is necessary to bring the system's performance into alignment with design specifications or to meet particular comfort requirements. Adjustments may include changing fan speeds, recalibrating thermostats, modifying damper positions, or altering valve settings in a hydronic system.

Balancing is the process of ensuring that air and water flow are evenly distributed throughout the building. Proper balancing ensures that each area receives the appropriate amount of heating, cooling, and ventilation according to design specifications and occupant needs. This is achieved by adjusting system controls and component settings to even out discrepancies in system performance.

The overall goal of TAB is to ensure that HVAC systems deliver comfort and efficiency, while operating at their intended capacity and minimizing energy use. Properly performed, TAB can significantly contribute to the environmental and economic performance of building management systems.